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Public Resources

What makes a carbohydrate food “healthy,” how experts and consumers each judge it, and the gaps between them.

A running list of our public-facing work on what makes a food “healthy” — and who gets to decide. It spans how expert rating systems score carbohydrate foods, how everyday consumers actually judge them, and the gaps between the two — the educational and communication priorities that follow. The IAFNS Carbohydrate Quality series, the peer-reviewed papers behind it, and the press coverage that followed, all open to watch or read.

One food, two kinds of disagreement: experts disagree with each other, and consumers misalign with the experts A shared healthfulness axis from less to more healthful. The top row shows five expert scores for one carbohydrate food, spread but clustered near a shaded gold vertical band that marks the pooled consensus; the band's width represents the uncertainty that remains. The bottom row shows two consumer personas sitting outside that band on opposite sides, showing that consumers misalign with the expert signal, and not uniformly: one reads the food as less healthful, the other as more healthful than the experts. One food, two kinds of disagreement less healthful more healthful 1 · Experts disagree pooled signal + uncertainty 2 · Consumer-expert misalignment carb-cautious health-halo heterogeneous, in opposite directions expert score consensus zone two consumer personas
Two kinds of disagreement sit between one carbohydrate food and a clear health message. Five expert systems score it five different ways, then pool into a single signal whose width is the uncertainty that remains. The public then misaligns with that signal, and not uniformly: some read the food as junk, others as a health food. The webinars and papers below work both problems.
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Interactive Tool

less healthful more healthful
Interactive · Shiny app

Consumer–Expert Misalignment Tool

Sort the full decision table, check any carbohydrate food’s expert spread and consumer misperception, and see the figures behind the four messaging priorities.

Open the tool →

IAFNS Webinars

The IAFNS Carbohydrates Committee series opens with a consumer-research lead-in from NORC — how everyday Americans judge carbohydrate foods — followed by three webinars I presented on how expert rating systems score the same foods, and where experts and consumers pull apart.

NORC slide of consumer quotes on why deciding whether a food has carbohydrates is hard.
Lead-in · NORC for IAFNS

Carbohydrate-Quality Beliefs & Behaviors

NORC’s consumer research: what everyday Americans believe makes a carbohydrate food healthy — and why it’s so hard to judge.

Watch on YouTube →
Title slide: objectives of the meta-nutrient-profiling tool and healthfulness-impact charts.
Webinar · IAFNS · Josh Erndt-Marino

A Tool to Compare How Experts Rate Carbohydrate Foods

A meta–nutrient-profiling tool for seeing how different expert systems score the same carbohydrate foods.

Watch on YouTube →
Slide showing about 20% of carbohydrate foods and half of grains fall into gaps or uncertainty.
Webinar · IAFNS · Josh Erndt-Marino

Insights from the Tool Comparing Rating Systems

Where expert systems agree, disagree, and leave gaps — roughly 20% of carbohydrate foods, and half of grains, sit in uncertainty.

Watch on YouTube →
Bar chart of consumer misperceptions relative to experts, with alignment grades A through D.
Webinar · IAFNS · Josh Erndt-Marino

Alignment Between Experts and Consumers

Consumer perceptions set against expert ratings: 85% of foods land an alignment grade of C or D, and four are flagged as priorities.

Watch on YouTube →
With thanks to our collaborators
IAFNS — Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences

The Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences convened the Carbohydrates Committee behind this series.

iafns.org →LinkedIn →
NORC at the University of Chicago

NORC at the University of Chicago led the consumer focus-group research that opens the series with the public’s own view of carbohydrate healthfulness.

norc.org →LinkedIn →

Published Papers

Cover: An integrative framework to identify healthy, impactful and equitable foods, a case study on 100% orange juice.
Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. · 2023

The integrative food framework

A meta-framework that pools six nutrient-profiling systems to find foods that are healthy, impactful, and equitable — demonstrated on 100% orange juice.

Read the paper →
Cover: Educational gaps and communication priorities for the healthfulness of carbohydrate foods.
J. Am. Nutr. Assoc. · 2026

Educational gaps in carbohydrate healthfulness

Where public understanding of carbohydrate healthfulness breaks down — and the communication priorities that follow.

Read the paper →

In the News

Press coverage of the Educational gaps paper, from the IAFNS announcement to national food media.

Food & Wine · Jul 25, 2026

Most People Still Get Carbs Wrong, According to a New Study

National food-media pickup: which carbohydrate foods the public undervalues, and why the confusion persists.

Nutritional Outlook · Jul 2026

New Belief-Mapping Study Reveals Disconnect Between Consumer Perceptions and Expert Consensus on Carbohydrate Foods

Industry trade coverage of the belief-mapping approach and the consumer–expert disconnect it surfaces.

Potato Business · Jul 14, 2026

Consumers See Potato Foods as Less Healthy Than Nutrition Experts, Study Says

Sector coverage of one headline finding: potato foods sit among the most negatively misperceived.

Where the Food Comes From · Jul 7, 2026

Consumers View the Healthfulness of Carbohydrate Foods Differently Than Experts

Coverage of the core result: 85% of the 20 foods tested draw a low consumer-to-expert alignment grade.

Newswise · IAFNS announcement · Jul 6, 2026

Consumers View the Healthfulness of Carbohydrate Foods Differently than Experts

The IAFNS release that opened the coverage cycle, with the study's key numbers and priority foods.

Food & Wine also shared the story with its audience on Facebook →

Check the sources

Ask about a claim in this piece. Answers come only from a curated corpus of method and review papers — each one cites the passage it came from, and says so when the corpus cannot answer.

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